See 流暢 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "流畅",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "流暢",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The writing flows very well.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xíngwén hěn liúchàng.",
"text": "行文很流暢。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The writing flows very well.",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xíngwén hěn liúchàng.",
"text": "行文很流畅。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Today's traffic was particularly smooth.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Jīntiān de jiāotōng tèbié liúchàng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "今天的交通特別流暢。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Today's traffic was particularly smooth.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Jīntiān de jiāotōng tèbié liúchàng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "今天的交通特别流畅。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fluent; flowing; smooth"
],
"id": "en-流暢-zh-adj-faXUzjrm",
"links": [
[
"fluent",
"fluent"
],
[
"flowing",
"flowing"
],
[
"smooth",
"smooth"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "liúlì",
"sense": "fluent",
"word": "流利"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "liúchàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄔㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "lau⁴ coeng³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "liû-thiòng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "liû-thiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "liúchàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lióuchàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "liu²-chʻang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lyóu-chàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "liouchanq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "лючан"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ljučan"
},
{
"ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "làuh cheung"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lau⁴ tsoeng³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "leo⁴ cêng³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "liû-thiòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "liû-thiòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "liu'tioxng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "liû-thiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "liû-thiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "liu'tiaxng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu¹³⁻²² tʰiaŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu¹³⁻²² tʰiaŋ²¹/"
}
],
"word": "流暢"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "流暢",
"sort": "りゅうちょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 流暢",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 流暢",
"forms": [
{
"form": "流暢",
"ruby": [
[
"流",
"りゅう"
],
[
"暢",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "riutyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "りうちやう",
"roman": "riutyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "りゅうちょう",
"hhira": "りうちやう"
},
"expansion": "流(りゅう)暢(ちょう) • (ryūchō) ^(←りうちやう (riutyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fluency"
],
"id": "en-流暢-ja-noun-Ep35ZLcB",
"links": [
[
"fluency",
"fluency"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "りゅうちょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾʲɨːt͡ɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "流暢"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "流暢",
"sort": "りゅうちょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 流暢",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 流暢",
"forms": [
{
"form": "流暢",
"ruby": [
[
"流",
"りゅう"
],
[
"暢",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "riutyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢な",
"roman": "ryūchō na",
"ruby": [
[
"流",
"りゅう"
],
[
"暢",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢に",
"roman": "ryūchō ni",
"ruby": [
[
"流",
"りゅう"
],
[
"暢",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchōsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "りゅうちょう",
"hhira": "りうちやう",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "流(りゅう)暢(ちょう) • (ryūchō) ^(←りうちやう (riutyau)?)-na (adnominal 流(りゅう)暢(ちょう)な (ryūchō na), adverbial 流(りゅう)暢(ちょう)に (ryūchō ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "りゅうちょう",
"lemma": "流暢",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This user speaks fluent Japanese.",
"roman": "Kono riyōsha wa ryūchō na nihongo o hanashimasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"利用者",
"りようしゃ"
],
[
"流暢",
"りゅうちょう"
],
[
"日本語",
"にほんご"
],
[
"話",
"はな"
]
],
"text": "この利用者は流暢な日本語を話します。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fluent"
],
"id": "en-流暢-ja-adj-zrvslhnv",
"links": [
[
"fluent",
"fluent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of one's language ability) fluent"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of one's language ability"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ぺらぺら"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "りゅうちょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾʲɨːt͡ɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "流暢"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "yuchang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "유창",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "유창"
},
"expansion": "流暢 • (yuchang) (hangeul 유창)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "fluency",
"word": "유창"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 유창 (“fluency”)"
],
"id": "en-流暢-ko-noun-831u6zSl",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"유창",
"유창#Korean"
],
[
"fluency",
"fluency"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "流暢"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "流畅",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "流暢",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 暢",
"Chinese terms spelled with 流",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The writing flows very well.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xíngwén hěn liúchàng.",
"text": "行文很流暢。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The writing flows very well.",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xíngwén hěn liúchàng.",
"text": "行文很流畅。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Today's traffic was particularly smooth.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Jīntiān de jiāotōng tèbié liúchàng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "今天的交通特別流暢。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Today's traffic was particularly smooth.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Jīntiān de jiāotōng tèbié liúchàng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "今天的交通特别流畅。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fluent; flowing; smooth"
],
"links": [
[
"fluent",
"fluent"
],
[
"flowing",
"flowing"
],
[
"smooth",
"smooth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "liúchàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄔㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "lau⁴ coeng³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "liû-thiòng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "liû-thiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "liúchàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lióuchàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "liu²-chʻang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lyóu-chàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "liouchanq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "лючан"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ljučan"
},
{
"ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "làuh cheung"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lau⁴ tsoeng³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "leo⁴ cêng³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "liû-thiòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "liû-thiòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "liu'tioxng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "liû-thiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "liû-thiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "liu'tiaxng"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu¹³⁻²² tʰiaŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liu¹³⁻²² tʰiaŋ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "liúlì",
"sense": "fluent",
"word": "流利"
}
],
"word": "流暢"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "流暢",
"sort": "りゅうちょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 流暢",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 流暢",
"forms": [
{
"form": "流暢",
"ruby": [
[
"流",
"りゅう"
],
[
"暢",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "riutyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "りうちやう",
"roman": "riutyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "りゅうちょう",
"hhira": "りうちやう"
},
"expansion": "流(りゅう)暢(ちょう) • (ryūchō) ^(←りうちやう (riutyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fluency"
],
"links": [
[
"fluency",
"fluency"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "りゅうちょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾʲɨːt͡ɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "流暢"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "流暢",
"sort": "りゅうちょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese 流暢",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Middle Chinese 流暢",
"forms": [
{
"form": "流暢",
"ruby": [
[
"流",
"りゅう"
],
[
"暢",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "riutyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢な",
"roman": "ryūchō na",
"ruby": [
[
"流",
"りゅう"
],
[
"暢",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢に",
"roman": "ryūchō ni",
"ruby": [
[
"流",
"りゅう"
],
[
"暢",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchō ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "流暢さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "りゅうちょうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ryūchōsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "りゅうちょう",
"hhira": "りうちやう",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "流(りゅう)暢(ちょう) • (ryūchō) ^(←りうちやう (riutyau)?)-na (adnominal 流(りゅう)暢(ちょう)な (ryūchō na), adverbial 流(りゅう)暢(ちょう)に (ryūchō ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "りゅうちょう",
"lemma": "流暢",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This user speaks fluent Japanese.",
"roman": "Kono riyōsha wa ryūchō na nihongo o hanashimasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"利用者",
"りようしゃ"
],
[
"流暢",
"りゅうちょう"
],
[
"日本語",
"にほんご"
],
[
"話",
"はな"
]
],
"text": "この利用者は流暢な日本語を話します。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fluent"
],
"links": [
[
"fluent",
"fluent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of one's language ability) fluent"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of one's language ability"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ぺらぺら"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "りゅうちょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾʲɨːt͡ɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "流暢"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "yuchang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "유창",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "유창"
},
"expansion": "流暢 • (yuchang) (hangeul 유창)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "fluency",
"word": "유창"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 유창 (“fluency”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"유창",
"유창#Korean"
],
[
"fluency",
"fluency"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "流暢"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 流暢 meaning in All languages combined (15.2kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"流暢"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "流暢",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"流暢"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "流暢",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"流暢"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "流暢",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"流暢"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "流暢",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"流暢"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "流暢",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"流暢"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "流暢",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"流暢"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "流暢",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"流暢"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "流暢",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.